Coconut Palm: The Tree of a Thousand Uses

Giant coconut tree at Lower Dover.

The coconut palm is one of the oldest trees on the planet, and has existed since the age of the dinosaurs.  It flourishes in tropical climates from Southeast Asia to Polynesia, India, the Pacific Islands, Hawaii, South America, the Caribbean and South America. We have even seen them thriving in Beverly Hills!  Hailed by many as the most useful tree on Earth,  the Coconut Palm has generously provided civilizations with multiple natural tools to survive for centuries.

Seedling growing out of a dried coconut at Lower Dover.

Lower Dover Field Station & Jungle Lodge is no stranger to this amazing tree.  In fact, one of my first memories of Belize was being hit on the foot over and over by a rolling coconut while riding the bus to Lower Dover. The cocount was old, dried, and sprouting a healthy little shoot. Before exiting the bus, I grabbed it and took it back to the property to plant. 20 years later, that same coconut is all grown up, but refuses to drop its fruit! Stubborn like its planter!

Coconuts ready for harvest.

Coconut’s Many Uses

A hard outer green shell protects its precious nut-like seed that is covered with a hairy brown husk.  This husk provides fuel for cooking, fiber for clothing, and making rope stronger than hemp.  Within this seed lies the true essence of the coconut palm – its water, meat, and oil.  During the months that this seed matures, it goes through two major stages: first the coconut, with its soft jelly like meat and sweet thirst quenching water, provides energy; the second and most potent stage produces the mature nut.  Coconut water is all the rage in western culture. Western medicine has just recently confirmed the profound healing properties of the coconut, dispelling decades of misleading information.  Coconut water is packaged directly from the young coconut, its sweet taste satisfies thirst and sweet cravings and contains no fat. It provides the alkaline balance to acidic conditions, which is the primary cause  of most illnesses. The mineral charged water acts to detoxify the kidneys, and healthy kidneys are believed to promote a vibrant, healthy attitude. Once the nut is harvested, the inner skin, a thin brown layer, is cut away leaving, pure thick, white coconut meat. The milk, cream and oil are extracted and used for delicious recipes like curry sauces and desserts. The oil is used for cooking, body massages, it nourishes the skin, nails and hair, and can be applied topically to wounds to speed up the healing process.

Up close of young coconuts.

Dried coconuts at Lower Dover.

Coconut – A Source of health and longevity

The coconut has always been prized for its medicinal properties by many cultures and societies around the world, but Western culture has just recently caught on to the miraculous effects and uses of the coconut palm.  Recent western medicinal research concluded that coconuts form of saturated fat actually helps to prevent heart disease, stroke and the hardening of arteries. Unlike other oils and fats, coconut oil contains a large amount of the fatty acid known as lauric acid, which is the predominant fatty acid found in mother’s milk. Studies have shown the coconut oil’s effectiveness against HIV, SARS, Crohn’s disease, as well as other chronic illnesses.  It detoxifies the liver, helps to build lipoproteins, fats, hormones, and bile. Coconut’s amazing healing properties are also attributed to reducing the risk of other degenerative conditions such as cancer, osteoporosis, and diabetes.  The fatty acids help to create a healthy digestive tract, which in turn allows for better digestion and absorption of the nutrients in our foods. They also speed up metabolism, providing fewer calories than other fats but are still a viable effective source of energy.

Harvesting Coconuts at Lower Dover.

Coconuts grow year round at Lower Dover and their delicious flavor can be tasted in a variety of dishes. Maximize your Belize vacation by experiencing the incredible healing and nutritional benefits of the coconut palm by drinking its water.  Property workers will gladly chop down a fresh coconut for you to enjoy with your meal during your stay at Lower Dover Jungle Lodge. You can revel in the guilt-free sweet taste while naturally energizing your body before you embark on your day’s jungle adventure!

Source: Coconut Cuisine by Jan London

The Annato Tree: Friend or Foe?

The Annato Tree at Lower Dover.

The Annato is a fascinating tree, and chances are you have consumed a by-product of the seeds at some point in your life. This will be a three part series, the first of which focuses on what foods the Annato can be found in, and it’s sometimes allergenic component.

The Annato Tree along the medicinal plant trail at Lower Dover.

The Annatos’ structure and large white flowers make it look very similar to the North American Magnolia Tree. The Annato is 2-8 m / 6-26 feet tall, has several short, dark brown branches that serve as the trunk, dark green leaves and a rounded shaped crown.  The Annato seed pods are covered with soft, stiff hairs.  When mature, the pods split open exposing rusty red seeds that are harvested, ground to a pulp and used in many useful ways.  Grown all over the tropics for its rich, tasty and colorful seeds, it has different names all over the world.  Other common Belize names for this unique shrub are the Lipstick Tree and Mayan name, Kuxub.  Mexico and many other Latin American countries refer to it as Achiote. The French name is Rocou or Roucou. The Mandarin Chinese call it Yan Zhi Shu. In the Philippines, it goes by the name Atsuete, and in India, it’s known as Sindoor. Its scientific name is Bizaceae Bixa Orellan.

The Annato seed pods.

Up close of the Annato seed pods

The Annato seed pulp is the primary ingredient in the Belizean spice called, Recardo, and used in many Belizean stewed dishes.

The Recardo Belizean Spice a by-product of the Annato seed.

The Annato gives foods a wonderfully delicate smokey. It also adds a deep rusty yellow to redish-orange color, and is a low cost substitute for the much more expensive Spanish Saffron. It’s also commonly used as a natural food coloring in processed foods.  This “natural” description is the reason for Annatos’ increased use worldwide as a food ingredient since it has replaced many synthetically manufactured food dyes and artificial flavorings.

Friend or Foe?

Natural ingredient does not necessarily mean problem free. Although it is a popular natural food colorant, Annato has been linked to many cases of food-related allergies.  For many people suffering from skin rashes, gastrointestinal problems like Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS), respiratory or cardiac abnormalities, Annato may be the cause! Lactose intolerance is a popular self-diagnosis but it might be the Annato in the cheese or flavored creamer.
Just like those folks whom are allergic to peanuts and nuts, Annatos’ chemical defense against its seeds being eaten in the wild can trigger adverse reactions in some people.

People are unaware of Annato as an ingredient in so many processed foods. On food labels in North America, its ingredient name may be listed as bixin, bixa arellana, or bixa orellana, bixaceae, annatto, achiote or included in the term “natural” food flavoring or coloring.

Annato Seeds.

Foods Containing Annato: partial list
Yellow cheeses, including American and Velvetta cheese
Some white cheeses
Most butters
Most Crackers (include Goldfish & Cheez-its): Triscuits are Annato free.
Most dry cereals (including Cheerios):  Rice Krispies are Annato free
Bottled/Commercial salad dressings
Ice cream: Usually light colors like vanilla, butter pecan, chocolate chip
Ice cream cones
Some yogurts
Coffeemate and Cremora
Prepared mustard based dips and spreads: French’s and Heinz mustards are Annato free
Medications: Capsules with coloring
Rice noodles in Thai, Chinese food
Chicken bouillon, cubes only
Crystal Light drink mixes
PAM with butter: Original PAM is Annato free
Herbed butter and garlic butter spreads
Knorr dry mixes (e.g. Spanish rice)
Popcorn: microwave and theatre
Organic Coloring Agent or “Color added”  ingredient on labels
Italian, Garlic and Herb Bread spreads
“Rubs” barbeque seasonings used to flavor chicken and ribs
Custards
Matzo ball mix (some)
Some prepared weight loss program meals
Toddler foods, including yogurt, & some dried fruit bars
Toddler vitamins
Heinz Little Kids Wholegrain Cereal bars - Apple & Cinnamon, Apricot
Fruit bars and dried fruit: Apricot Delight and apricot fruit bars in particular
Corn nuts with seasoning
Smoked fish
Fruit Juice drinks
Rice seasoning packaged mixes
Girl Scout Cookies: Lemon in particular
Packaged powdered donuts and other prepared pastries and cookies
Cheddar Rice Cakes
Packaged Spanish rice mix
Rice Noodles, Pad Thai & Chinese rice noodle packaged meals: Pure rice is Annato free.
Crumbed chicken and fish products, like nuggets and fingers
Artificial crab meat
Salmon burgers
Some frozen potato products (fries, hashed browns, etc.)
Sugar-free Jello
Barbeque Rubs
“Artificial color” could have Annatto. In the USA, manufacturers do not have to list Annatto as an ingredient as it is organic.

At Lower Dover, learning about the chemical nature of plants on Medicinal Jungle Trails  make your visit here memorable and entertaining.  The Annato is a favorite stop for most people as it’s widely used and yet quite unknown. Think about how you feel when you eat some of the above listed processed foods and consider how the Annato’s chemical defense is effecting you.

References:

Forsyth, Adrian and Ken Miyata. Tropical Nature: Life and Death in the Rain Forest of Central and South America. Simon and Schuster, 1995.

Harris, Kate. Trees of Belize. Benque, Belize; BRC Printing, 2009.

ANNATTO: Uses, Side Effects, Interactions and Warnings. WebMD. 1999-07-30.
What’s Up With Food Dyes?. Healthy Recipe Doctor. WebMD. 2010-07-09.
An Allergy to Goldfish? Highlighting the Labeling Laws for Food Additives. U.S. National Library of Medicine. December 1, 2009. PMC 2805955.

Helpful Links:

Annatto and IBS: Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology.

IBS no more: Annatto Food List.

Medicinal Plants of Lower Dover : Nopal aka Scoggineal

Nopal Tree at Lower Dover

In the lodge area of Lower Dover, we have a mature Nopal tree that has been a favorite among guests. Although not native to Belize, it grows well in the tropical conditions, and  has many medicinal uses, including a treatment for hair loss, bladder infections, and high blood pressure.

Nopal Flower

The following information is taken from Rainforest Remedies by Rosita Arvigo, D.N. and Michael Balick, PH.d

“Creole Name: Scoggineal

Spanish Name: Nopal, Tuna

Mopan Maya: Pa’kam

Scientific Name: Opuntia cochenillfera

Plant Family: Cactaceae

Traditional Uses: A fresh Opuntia pad is peeled, sliced and tied around the head to relieve headaches and fever. High blood pressure fever, and malaise are treated by boiling 1 pad in 3 cups of water for 5 minutes and drinking 1 cup of the decoction before each meal. Crushing and soaking 5 fresh pads in 1 gallon of water makes a rinse that is used to prevent falling hair and a tea to drink for bladder conditions. Drinking 1 cup of juice from a fresh pad at onset of childbirth is said to ease delivery. Peeled, steamed, and chilled pads are eaten in salads to alleviate arthritis. For skin ulcers, the pad is sliced in half and applied over the sores until they heal. To alleviate pain in the internal organs, the sufferer cuts out a mold of his or her foot on one of the skinned leaf pads and hangs this over the fire hearth, when the foot mold is dry, the pain will go away.

Pads of the Nopal tree.

Scoggineal fruit is used as a hair conditioner, producing soft, lustrous results. A peeled, mashed fruit is spread on the hair; after being covered with plastic wrap for an hour, the hair is then rinsed thoroughly.

The fruit is edible and highly esteemed- the spiny, outer portion is peeled off and the red or yellowish seedy center is consumed. Caution must be taken to avoid eating the small hair-like spines on the outside of the fruit.”

Previous experience at Lower Dover: Thanks to our friend and local guide Edgar, we found out the pads of the Nopal can also be used to treat bruises and sprains. When one of our workers, sprained his foot, we skinned a pad, and wrapped it around the bruised area over night. The next morning, the bruising was gone, and so was his limp, amazing stuff!

Pads of the Nopal- so many uses!

Aloe Vera

Aloe cluster by the library at Lower Dover.

Aloe
Family: LILIACEAE
Creole: sink-am-bible
Common: barbados aloe
Latin: aloe vera

Aloe grows very extremely well in the tropical climate of Belize. At Lower Dover Field Station it is found in a large cluster on top of the Mayan temple near the library. It has formed a dense thicket since the original plant was planted 10 years ago, and there are now over 200+ individual plants. We have transplanted some of the aloe to each cabana hoping to form additional clusters. It’s commonly known as a treatment for burn relief, especially used in lotions for sun protection. The pure aloe juice obtained directly from the plant is sticky and leaves a yellowish residue that will stain clothes if the skin is not properly cleaned after use.

Close Up of the Aloe cluster.

Description: from Plants and Health by A.C. SAS

“Aloe is a small fleshy herb that grows 30-60cm in height. It is short-stemmed, with narrow white-green leaves. Each leaf is juicy and contains a strong smell. It has red-purple flowers which grow from a long raceme growing from the middle of the plant. It propagates by seed, showing up as young leaf clusters near the base of the plant.”

Parts used: Leaves, pulp, and sap.

Flower of the Aloe plant.

Traditional Mayan use: from Rainforest Remedies by Rosita Arviga

“The juice has been used as a purgative since Biblical times. For this purpose, 1 leaf (15 cm), is mashed and soaked in a cup of water for 20 minutes, then strained and drunk. This also serves as a tonic for the liver, pancreas, kidneys, and stomach. WARNING: Aloe juice might be harmful when taken internally in excessive doses.
Aloe juice is considered an excellent external remedy for burns, sunburns, rashes, bed sores, diaper rash, hemorrhoids, boils, fungus, and to reduce scarring by liberally applying the juice to affected areas.
To prevent hair loss, a fresh leaf is mashed and applied to the scalp for 7 to 10 days.
For black skin spots, fresh leaf juice is applied daily until the condition improves.”

Aloe Cluster